Always Learning

1. Imipenem + cilastatin Imipenem : It is a beta lactams antibiotic. It binds to bacterial penicillin-binding proteins and interferes with bacterial cell wall integrity and synthesis. It is a bactericidal agent with wider antibacterial spectrum whose range of activity includes gram positive and gram negative aerobes and anaerobes (enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas, Listeria, bacteroides fragilis, clostridium difficile).  It is resistant to most beta lactamases, inhibits penicillinase producing staph aureusand some MRSA.  Limiting feature of imipenem is – it is hydrolysed by the enzyme dehydropeptidase I located in the brush border of renal tubular cells.  Cilastatin: It is a reversible inhibitor of dehydropeptidase I and thereby protects imipenem from degradation. It has similar pharmacokinetics as imipenem. It has half life of 1 hour.  Dose: 0.5g IV 6hrly ` Maximum dose: 4g/day Uses Treatment of severe and complicated skin and skin structure infections, bone and joint infections, lower

Recommendations Individual Level For the Mother: • Awareness regarding danger signs during the postpartum period • excessive bleeding • fever • foul-smelling lochia • burning micturition • pain and swelling in the breasts • convulsions • calf tenderness • Four Post natal visits on 1, 3,7,42 days of delivery • Diet • Increase calorie intake by consuming at least 2 extra meals • consume more proteins - pulses, dhal, milk, egg, non-veg • increase iron intake — ragi, red meats, fruits, green leafy vegetables • increase calcium intake - milk, curds, ragi • address any food fads and food taboos • drink plenty of water • Nutritional Supplements • Iron and folic acid — 100 mg elemental iron daily for 100 days in thepostpartum period • Calcium - 1000mg daily for 6 months afterdelivery • If episiotomy has been given • perineal toileting • warm sitz bath • diclofenac suppositories for pain relief • Personal Hygiene • dailybath • handwashing • perineal toileting

Recommendations Individual level ‹ Counsel the mother on all elements of Essential Obstetric Care • Early registration of pregnancy, Thayi card • At least 4 ANC visits • 2 TT (or 1booster) • Minimum of 100 IFA tablets after 12 weeks, Daily supplementation with Calcium  1000mg and Deworming with single dose Albendazole 400 mg preferably in the second trimester of  pregnancy • Screening for high risk during pregnancy (by history, on examination, through lab investigations) • Institutional Delivery with skilled birth attendance • Counsel the mother on Birth Preparedness and Complication readiness • Awareness regarding dangersigns during pregnancy, delivery and postpartum (Fever, Persistent vomiting, Palpitations, Breathlessness at rest/on mild exertion, Generalised swelling of the body, puffiness of the face, Severe headache and blurring of vision, convulsions, Passing smaller amounts ofurine andburningsensationduring micturition,Vaginalbleeding, Decreasedorabsent foetal

1. Composition of ORS and the functions of its components 2. What is home ORS and what is super ORS 3. Advantages of hypo osmolar ORS 4. Assessment of dehydration 5. Define diarrhea and what are the clinical types of diarrheal diseases 6. What are the agent factor for diarrheal 7. A diarrhea in a child less than 6 months is acceptable or not 8. Reservoir of infection in diarrhea 9. Mention the host factors in diarrhea 10.Modes of transmission of diarrhea 11.Note on enviourmental factors in diarrhea 12.Guidelines for ORS therapy in first 4 hours 13.Importance of appropriate feeding in diarrhea 14.Note on zinc supplementation and antibiotics in diarrhea treatment 15.Note on MCH practice in prevention of diarrhea 16.Prevention strategies in control of diarrhea 17.Nation health program related to diarrhea 18.Note on environmental factors in diarrhea

1. Define ARI, AURI and ALRI. 2. What are the agent factors in ARI  3. Describe the host factors in ARI 4. What are the risk factors in ARI  5. Mode of transmission  6. What are the points of focus to look and listen during physical education of  ARI care 7. Describe in detail about classification of ARI illness in a child aged 2  months upto 5 years  8. Management of ARI in a child aged 2 months upto 5 years  9. Classify illness of young infant and discuss the management  10.What is home care in ARI 11.Role of immunization in prevention of ARI 12.Note on recent ARI which has evolved as a pandemic

ADVICE AT THE Individual level : 1. Follow the treatment given by the doctor 2. Come for follow up as advised by the doctor 3. Upto date immunization Family level: 1. Support the mother emotionally and financially 2. Encourage the mother for breast feeding 3. Encourage the mother to give ORS 4. If symptoms worsen visit the health faculty immediately Community level : 1. Health education regarding prevention of diarrhea 2. IEC regarding regular immunization 3. Demonstration of administration of ORS  4. IEC regarding adequate nutrition to ANC mothers and children  5. IEC regarding breast feeding infants 

ADVICE AT THE Individual level : 1. Follow the advice given by the doctor 2. Come for follow up as advised by the doctor 3. upto date immunization Family level: 1. Support the mother emotionally and financially 2. Encourage the mother regarding breast feeding 3. Avoid indoor air pollution 4. Avoid smoking Community level: 1. Health education regarding prevention of ARI 2. IEC regarding regular immunization 3. IEC regarding adequate nutrition to ANC mothers and children 4. IEC regarding breast feeding of infants

Can wearing a mask protect you against coronavirus? Before putting on a mask, clean hands with alcohol-based hand rub or soap and water. Cover mouth and nose with mask and make sure there are no gaps between your face and the mask. Avoid touching the mask while using it; if you do, clean your hands with alcohol-based hand rub or soap and water. Replace the mask with a new one as soon as it is damp and do not re-use single-use masks. To remove the mask: remove it from behind (do not touch the front of mask); discard immediately in a closed bin; clean hands with alcohol-based hand rub or soap and water. When and how to wear medical masks to protect against coronavirus? If you are healthy, you only need to wear a mask if you are taking care of a person with COVID-19. Wear a mask if you are coughing or sneezing. Masks are effective only when used in combination with frequent hand-cleaning with alcohol-based hand rub or soap and water. If you wear a mask, then you must know how

Can regularly rinsing your nose with saline help prevent infection with the new coronavirus? No. There is no evidence that regularly rinsing the nose with saline has protected people from infection with the new coronavirus.  There is some limited evidence that regularly rinsing nose with saline can help people recover more quickly from the common cold. However, regularly rinsing the nose has not been shown to prevent respiratory infections. Can eating garlic help prevent infection with the new coronavirus? Garlic is a healthy food that may have some antimicrobial properties. However, there is no evidence from the current outbreak that eating garlic has protected people from the new coronavirus. Does the new coronavirus affect older people, or are younger people also susceptible? People of all ages can be infected by the new coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Older people, and people with pre-existing medical conditions (such as asthma, diabetes, heart disease) appear to be mo

There are currently no drugs licensed for the treatment or prevention of COVID-19 While several drug trials are ongoing, there is currently no proof that hydroxychloroquine or any other drug can cure or prevent COVID-19. The misuse of hydroxychloroquine can cause serious side effects and illness and even lead to death. WHO is coordinating efforts to develop and evaluate medicines to treat COVID-19. Adding pepper to your soup or other meals DOES NOT prevent or cure COVID-19 Hot peppers in your food, though very tasty, cannot prevent or cure COVID-19. The best way to protect yourself against the new coronavirus is to keep at least 1 metre away from others and to wash your hands frequently and thoroughly. It is also beneficial for your general health to maintain a balanced diet, stay well hydrated, exercise regularly and sleep well. COVID-19 IS NOT transmitted through houseflies To date, there is no evidence or information to suggest that the COVID-19 virus transmitted thr

Protecting yourself and others from the spread COVID-19 You can reduce your chances of being infected or spreading COVID-19 by taking some simple precautions: Regularly and thoroughly clean your hands with an alcohol-based hand rub or wash them with soap and water. Why? Washing your hands with soap and water or using alcohol-based hand rub kills viruses that may be on your hands. Maintain at least 1 metre (3 feet) distance between yourself and others. Why? When someone coughs, sneezes, or speaks they spray small liquid droplets from their nose or mouth which may contain virus. If you are too close, you can breathe in the droplets, including the COVID-19 virus if the person has the disease. Avoid going to crowded places. Why? Where people come together in crowds, you are more likely to come into close contact with someone that has COIVD-19 and it is more difficult to maintain physical distance of 1 metre (3 feet). Avoid touching eyes, nose and mouth. Why? Hands to