WHAT IS PEDIGREE ANALYSIS?

· Pedigrees are charts of family histories that show the phenotypes and family relationships of the individuals using symbols to represent different family members.

The investigator traces the history of some variant phenotype back through the history of the family and draws up a family tree, or pedigree, using the standard symbols.

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Banking (ICSE Class 10 Mathematics Project)

BANK ACCOUNT A bank account is a financial account between a bank customer and a financial institution. A bank account can be a deposit account, a credit card, or any other type of account offered by a financial institution. The financial transactions which have occurred within a given period of time on a bank account are reported to the customer on a bank statement and the balance of the account at any point in time is the financial position of the customer with the institution. a fund that a customer has entrusted to a bank and from which the customer can make withdrawals. BANK A bank is a financial institution and a financial intermediary that accepts deposits and channels those deposits into lending activities, either directly by loaning or indirectly through capital markets. A bank links together customers that have capital deficits and customers with capital surplu...

KARYOTYPE

 A karyotype refers to a full set of chromosomes from an individual arranged according to length, position of centromere, banding pattern.  Karyotype is written as total number of chromosomes followed by sex chromosomes  Normal male karyotype: 46,XY, normal female karyotype: 46,XX  Chromosomes are classified into 7 groups and pasted accordingly- Group A- 1, 2, 3; group B- 4, 5; group C- 6-12, X; group D- 13, 14, 15; group E- 16, 17, 18; group F- 19, 20; group G- 21, 22, Y

X CHROMOSOME

X CHROMOSOME  The X chromosome is one of the two sex-determining chromosomes and is found in both males and females.  It is submetacentric chromosome classified under ‘C’ group chromosomes  Females have two X chromosomes, whereas males have one X and one Y chromosome.  Both males and females retain one of their mother's X chromosomes, and females retain their second X chromosome from their father.  Early in embryonic development in females, one of the two X chromosomes is randomly and permanently inactivated in nearly all somatic cells. This phenomenon is called X-inactivation or Lyonization. The inactive X- chromosome is tightly coiled and hence stains dark purple and is seen as Barr body within the nucleus of a female. The X chromosome is notably larger and has a more active euchromatin region.  Numerical alteration in Sex chromosomes result in abnormalities eg Turner’s syndrome (XO), Klinefelter’s syndrome (XXY) and Triple X syndrome (XXX).  , S...

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