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X CHROMOSOME

X CHROMOSOME 

  The X chromosome is one of the two sex-determining chromosomes and is found in both males and
females.
 It is submetacentric chromosome classified under ‘C’ group chromosomes
 Females have two X chromosomes, whereas males have one X and one Y chromosome.
 Both males and females retain one of their mother's X chromosomes, and females retain their
second X chromosome from their father.

 Early in embryonic development in females, one of the two X chromosomes is randomly and
permanently inactivated in nearly all somatic cells. This phenomenon is called X-inactivation or
Lyonization. The inactive X- chromosome is tightly coiled and hence stains dark purple and is seen
as Barr body within the nucleus of a female. The X chromosome is notably larger and has a more
active euchromatin region.
 Numerical alteration in Sex chromosomes result in abnormalities eg Turner’s syndrome (XO),
Klinefelter’s syndrome (XXY) and Triple X syndrome (XXX).
 , Sex linked Inherited disorders both dominant and recessive also may occur.
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